Summary

In this report, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances examines the alarming global trend of enforced disappearances targeting individuals defending land, natural resources, and the environment (LNRE defenders). These disappearances often occur in contexts of systemic discrimination, weakened rule of law, and powerful economic interests, with the complicity or acquiescence of State authorities. The report highlights the disproportionate impact on Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendant communities, and rural populations, and underscores the role of business enterprises and financial institutions in enabling or perpetrating such violations with the State’s acquiescence.

It provides a comprehensive analysis of risk factors, patterns of impunity, and the structural drivers behind enforced disappearances. The report also outlines the obligations of both State and non-State actors under international law, and offers concrete recommendations to ensure prevention, accountability, and holistic reparations for victims and affected communities.