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Sea level rise, due to climate change has had a real and urgent impact on the communities living on the island in the Torres Straits, off the coast of Australia. Rising waters have mean danger to livelihoods, homes and culture. Faced with this, the Indigenous communities raised an alarm. The Torres Islanders, including children, filed a complaint with the UN Human Rights Committee against their Australian government’s failure to adapt to climate change, upgrading seawalls on the islands and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Committee ruled in favour of the Islanders.

Pending complaints

The Committee publishes anonymized lists of complaints which it has not examined yet

Pending cases by year of registration (up to June 2026)
Pending cases by State Party (up to June 2026)

Registered and adopted complaints

The Committee publishes an anonymized list of all complaints that have been registered on an annual basis, as well as their status of adoption. This list is not comprehensive.

Follow-up to Views

The Committee has established a follow-up procedure for communications by designating a special rapporteur for follow-up on views for the purpose of ascertaining the measures taken by the States parties to give effect to the Committee's views. The special rapporteur shall make recommendations for further action by the Committee as necessary and shall regularly report to the Committee on follow-up activities.

Note by the Human Rights Committee on the procedure for follow-up on Views

For follow-up reports, please see the following link.

Interim measures

When a complaint is first submitted, the Committee may sometimes request the State party concerned to take what are called ‘interim measures’ to avoid irreparable damage to the alleged victim while the complaint is being considered. These measures are designed to preserve the respective rights of the parties until the Committee takes a decision on a complaint.

Oral comments

The Committee decided that it would consider, in appropriate cases raising complex issues of fact or domestic law or important questions of interpretation of the Covenant, inviting the parties to provide their comments orally before the Committee.

Guidelines on making oral comments concerning communications

Reparations

In December 2005, the General Assembly adopted Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law.

Guidelines on measures of reparation

Learn more: Treaty bodies communications page

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